Design in which each participant acts as their own comparator, e.g., contralateral-limb randomisation.
In a within-subject design, each participant (or, as here, each limb) receives a different condition, controlling for between-subject variability such as genetics, training history, and baseline anatomy. This typically gives greater statistical power than a parallel-group design of equivalent sample size, though it cannot fully exclude systemic training effects crossing over between the compared conditions.
This guide was auto-drafted and is pending editorial review.